Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a gradual process which plaques (collections) of cholesterol deposited on artery walls. Cholesterol plaques cause hardening of the arterial wall and narrowing of the inner channel (lumen) artery. Arteries, which reduced atherosclerosis can not supply enough blood to maintain normal function of body parts of their supply. For example, atherosclerosis of the arteries of the legs causes reduced blood flow to the legs. Reduced blood flow in the legs can cause leg pain during walking or exercise, leg ulcers, or delayed healing of wounds on their feet. Atherosclerosis of the arteries, which are the blood in the brain, can lead to vascular dementia (mental deterioration due to progressive loss of brain tissue for many years) or stroke (sudden death of brain tissue).

In many people, atherosclerosis can remain silent (causing no symptoms or health problems), for many years or decades. Atherosclerosis may start already in adolescence, but symptoms or health problems usually do not occur later in adulthood, when the narrowing of the arteries becomes severe. Cigarette smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and can accelerate atherosclerosis and lead to symptoms and complications before, especially in people who have a family history of early atherosclerosis.

Coronary atherosclerosis (or coronary artery disease) refers to the fact that the cause of atherosclerosis hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries. Diseases caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle from coronary atherosclerosis called coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary heart disease includes heart attack, sudden unexpected death, chest pain (angina), abnormal heart rhythm and heart failure due to the weakening of the heart muscle.

atherosclerosis and angina

Angina (also called angina) is chest pain or pressure that occurs when blood and oxygen to the heart muscle can not keep pace with the demands of the muscle. When the coronary arteries was reduced by more than 50 to 70 percent, the arteries may not be able to increase the supply of blood to the heart muscle during exercise or other periods of high demand for oxygen. Insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle due to angina. Angina that occurs with exercise or stress is called exertional angina. In some patients, especially patients with diabetes, a gradual decrease in blood flow to the heart can occur without any pain or shortness of breath or fatigue simply unusually early.

Exertional angina usually feels like pressure, heaviness, compression, or pain in the chest. This pain can travel around the neck, jaw, teeth, arms, back, and even, and may be accompanied by shortness of breath, nausea and cold sweat. Exertional angina usually lasts from one to 15 minutes and the rest rejected or taking nitroglycerin, placing a tablet under the tongue. Both resting and nitroglycerin decrease the oxygen demand of the heart muscle, thus relieving angina. Exertional angina may be the first warning sign of advanced coronary artery disease. Pectoral well as a few seconds, rarely due to ischemic heart disease.

Angina can occur even at rest. Angina at rest often indicates that the coronary arteries was reduced to a critical level that the heart does not receive enough oxygen, even at rest. Angina rest can rarely be due to a spasm of the coronary arteries (a condition called Prinzmetal’s or variant angina). Unlike a heart attack, there is no permanent damage to muscle or exertional angina or rest.

atherosclerosis and heart attack

Sometimes the surface of cholesterol plaque in the coronary arteries rupture in May, and formed a blood clot on the surface of plaques. In a clot blocks the flow of blood through the arteries and leads to heart attack (see figure below). The reason for this gap, which leads to the formation of a clot in the main unknown, but factors could include difference in exertional angina or rest, the heart muscle dies during a heart attack and loss of muscle is constant, if the blood flow can be restored quickly, usually within one to six hours.

While heart attacks can occur at any time in heart attack occurs 4:00-10:00 due to higher blood levels of adrenaline released from adrenal glands during the adrenaline chasa.Uvelichenie morning, as already observed, can lead to rupture of plaques of cholesterol.

About 50% of patients who develop the symptoms of heart attack, such as exertional angina or rest angina, heart attacks, but these symptoms may be mild and obvious.

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